Nhanganyaya
Baseball yagara ichionekwa seyemitambo inonyanya kudiwa kuAmerica, ichikwezva vanhu vakawanda pasi rose nekutamba kwayo kunonakidza, mazano akaomesesa, uye nhoroondo yakapfuma. Kubvira pamapaki madiki ezvemitambo eku19th century kusvika kuzvikwata zvikuru zvemazuva ano, baseball yakakura zvinoshamisa ichiva mumwe wemhando dzemitambo inozivikanwa zvakanyanya muUnited States uye ichitambwawo munzvimbo dzakaita seJapan, Caribbean neLatin America. Muchikamu chino, tichaferefeta nhoroondo inonakidza yeBaseball, kukura kwayo mukuzivikanwa, pamwe nezvikwata zvine mukurumbira zvakasiya nhaka isingadzime mumitambo iyi. Tichataurawo nezvekukura kwekuda kwekutarisa mitambo yakaita sefutobho online uye nemaitiro mapuratifomu edhijitari ari kushandura maitiro evatsigiri ekubata nezvikwata zvavo zvavanoda.
Nhoroondo Yekutanga yeBaseball
Matangiro eBaseball akanyanyisa kuoma sezvakaita mutambo wacho pachawo, uye pane dzidziso dzakawanda dzinopa mazano ezvekugadzirwa kwawo. Mutambo wanhasi unozivikanwa sekuti wakabva pamitambo yekuEurope yakare yakadai sekriketi neRounders. Mitambo iyi yaishandiswa nematanda nemabhora yakauya kuUnited States nemapionia eEurope uye ikazozobatana mukugadzira baseball yemazuva ano.
Ngano yaAbner Doubleday
Kwemakore akawanda, vanhu vakawanda vaiziva kuti baseball yakagadzirwa naAbner Doubleday muna 1839 kuCooperstown, New York. Ngano iyi yakava yakakurumbira zvekuti Baseball Hall of Fame yakavambwa kuCooperstown kuti ikudze nhoroondo yemutambo uyu. Zvisinei, humbowo hwenhoroondo hunoratidza kuti Doubleday haana kunyatsoita zvakawanda mukusimudzira baseball. Mutambo uyu ungangodaro wakakura nekuvandudzwa nevanhu vakawanda, vachibatsira mukuiswa kweanotevera marongero akakodzera.
Knickerbocker Club naAlexander Cartwright
Mumwe munhu akakosha munyaya yekutanga yeBaseball aiva Alexander Cartwright, uyo muna 1845 akabatsira kuumba Knickerbocker Base Ball Club muNew York City. Cartwright anozivikanwa nekusimudzira mutemo wakawanda uyo wakava hwaro hwemutambo wemazuva ano weBaseball. Aya “mitemo yeKnickerbocker” aive nezvinhu zvakaita sefomu remunda rinofananidzwa nedombo redayamondi, pfungwa yekuti mutambi ane mikana mitatu yekubhitira, uye kubviswa kwekuita kwekuita mutambi kumhanya kuburikidza nekuvhimwa nebhora.
Kutanga kweBaseball
Kukura kwemutambo uyu kwakaitika zvakanyanya panguva iyo baseball yaitamba munzira dzezviitiko zvevazvipiri, kutanga kuve basa reruzhinji. Shanduko iyi yakatanga pakati pezana remakore rechi 19, uye izvi zvakakonzera kuburitswa kwemarigi echokwadi ebaseball.
National Association nezvikwata zvepakutanga
Chikwata chekutanga cheBaseball chainge chiri chehunyanzvi, Cincinnati Red Stockings, chakavambwa muna 1869, ichiita kuti mutambo uve wepamusoro patsva. Muna 1871, National Association of Professional Base Ball Players yakavambwa, iyo yakava ligi yekutanga yakarongeka yeBaseball. Kunyangwe ligi iyi isina kurarama kwenguva refu, yakavhura nzira yekugadzirwa kweNational League muna 1876.
Kugadzirwa kweNational League
National League (NL), yakagadzirwa muna 1876, yakava ligi yekutanga yeprofeshenari yekutamba yakaramba ichigadzikana kwenguva refu. Yakaunza hutongi hwakakosha hwehurongwa hwakaita semarongero ehurongwa uye mirawo yakanyatsosimba, izvo zvakabatsira kuita kuti liga ishandeke uye kugadzira nharaunda yemakwikwi akarongeka. National League yakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira, zvikwata zvakaita seChicago White Stockings (parizvino Cubs) neBoston Red Stockings (parizvino Braves) zvichive zvakakurumbira.
Kugadzirwa kweAmerican League
Muna 1901, American League (AL) yakavambwa senzira yekupikisa National League. Pana 1903, ma ligi maviri aya akatanga kushanda pamwe chete, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kweWorld Series, makwikwi egore rose pakati pezvikwata zveNational League neAmerican League. Panguva iyi, baseball yakatanga kutonga tsika yemitambo yeAmerica.
GORE reBASEBALL
Makore ekuma1920 anowanzo kutaurwa se “Golden Age” yeBaseball. Panguva iyi, vatambi vane mukurumbira uye zvikwata zvine mukurumbira zvakakunda uye mutambo uyu wakura mukuzivikanwa.
Babe Ruth neNew York Yankees
Kana zvasvika pakukurukura nezvekugadzirwa kwemutambo weBaseball, hapana zvaunotaura zvinopfuura kuziva Babe Ruth, mumwe wevatambi vane mukurumbira munyaya dzenhoroondo yemutambo. Ruth, uyo akatanga semupfutisa chikwata cheBoston Red Sox, akachinjwa kuNew York Yankees muna 1919. Mukukurumidza, akazova nyeredzi huru yeBaseball, nekuda kwekugona kwake kubhidha mabasa anoyevedza. Mukurumbira waRuth wakapfuura zviyero zvekutamba; akabatsira pakutanga kwenguva yakakura yekubhidha, zvichiita kuti mutambo uve unonakidza uye nyore kunzwisisa kune vanoritarisa.
Nekuonekwa kwaRuth, Yankees vakawana World Series kakawanda mumakore ekuma1920 nema1930, uye vakava imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira munhoroondo yemutambo.
Lou Gehrig neNhaka yeIron Horse
Lou Gehrig, mumwe mutambi ane mukurumbira weYankees, akatamba padivi paRuth panguva yeiyi Golden Era. Akakurumbira nekusimba kwake, Gehrig akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti “Iron Horse” nekuda kwekutamba kwake mumitambo 2,130 yakaenderera, rekodhi iro rakamira kwemakumi emakore. Nhaka yake yakawedzerwa nekutamba kwake kwakasimba pamwe chete neshoko rake rinobata mwoyo raakapa paakanga achisiya basa nekuda kweALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease).
Kuwedzera neKutambirwa kweBaseball Pasi Pose
Zana ramakore rechi 20 rakaita kuti baseball ipfuurire mberi nemitambo muAmerica, zvichikwezva vateveri munyika dzakaita seJapan, Dominican Republic, Cuba, neVenezuela.
Kusangana kweJackie Robinson Uye Mutambo Wenyika Dzose
Mumwe mukana wakakosha munyaya dzeBaseball wakaitika muna 1947 apo Jackie Robinson akatyora mutemo wekudzikisira marudzi nekukunda mukana wekutanga kuve mutambi weAmerica muMajor League Baseball. Akatambiswa kuBrooklyn Dodgers, Robinson akaratidza ushingi neunyanzvi hunoshamisa, zvichibatsira kusimudzira kusanganisa marudzi mutambo. Kudzika kwechikamu chake chakanga chiri kwakakura zvakadaro, zvichikonzera kuti zvikanganwe kudarika kwemarudzi nekuvhurwa kwemikana muAmerica.
Zvikwata Zvine Mukurumbira muBaseball
Mumakore eBaseball, zvikwata zvakawanda zvakasiya nhaka huru pamutambo. Heino runyoro rwezvikwata zvine mukurumbira nezvaakaita mumutambo uyu.
New York Yankees
New York Yankees ndiro chikwata chakabudirira zvikuru munhoroondo yeMajor League Baseball, zvichizvirumbidza ne27 World Series titles. Kubudirira kwavo, kunyanya muma1920, 1930, 1940 uye 1990, kwakavaka nzvimbo yavo seyikwata rinozivikanwa zvakanyanya. Kubva kune vatambi vakuru saBabe Ruth naLou Gehrig kusvika kune nyeredzi dzemazuva ano dzakadai saDerek Jeter naMariano Rivera, Yankees yakagara ichiita zvakanaka.
Boston Red Sox
Boston Red Sox inozivikanwa nerwendo rurefu rwakave nesungano yemakore 86 yekurasikirwa, inowanzozivikanwa se “Curse of the Bambino”, iyo yakapera ne2016 World Series.
Chicago Cubs
Chicago Cubs vakaita rekodhi yekusasvika makore 108 vasina kuzivikanwa muWorld Series, vazoenda mberi kunozivikanwa muna 2016.
Baseball Nhasi
Kunyange zvazvo mitambo yebhora uye basketball ichitonga pamutambo, Baseball ichiri kugara zvakasimba kuUnited States.