Bhokisi mutambo une nhoroondo yakadzika midzi, inodzokera kumazana emakore akapfuura. Wakatanga sekurwa kwenguva dzekare asi uchizogadziriswa kuita mumwe wemitambo inoremekedzwa pasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo bhokisi richigara richitarisa pakurwira munhu mumwe, basa remapoka, varairidzi, nevanozivisa mitambo yakakosha mukukudziridza mabasa evamwe vevatambi vakuru.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nhoroondo yebhokisi, kuzivikanwa kwaro munyika yose, kubudirira kwemapoka anozivikanwa nevarairidzi, uye kuti sei mutambo uri kuramba uchikura munyika ino yemazuva ano.
Madzitateguru eBhokisi
Kwakatangira bhokisi kunogona kutsvagwa mumarudzi ekare apo kurwisana nemaoko kwaive chikamu chehupenyu hwemazuva ose. Uchapupu hwezvimiro zvepakutanga zvebhokisi hwakawanikwa mumakuva eEjipita akadzokera kuma3000 BC. Asi makwikwi aya epakutanga akasiyana zvakanyanya nebhokisi ramazuva ano — pakanga pasina magirovhosi, mitemo, kana kuronga vatambi vebhokisi maererano nehuremu hwavo. Vanorwira vakashandisa maoko avo chete, uye kurwisana kwacho kwaigara kuchiguma nekukuvara kwakakomba kana kutofa.
MuGirisi yekare, bhokisi rakawana kurongeka uye rakasanganiswa mumitambo yeOlympics muna 688 BC. Yakazivikanwa se “pugilism,” bhokisi rechiGirisi raive nemitemo mishoma: mutambo waipera kana mumwe mutambi abatwa ndokudonha pasi kana kuti akazvipa simba. Makwikwi aya akanga asina matanho epasi nemakore kana nguva, uye vatambi vaigara vachipfeka matanda eganda pamakumbo avo, izvo zvaipa dziviriro shoma.
Saizvozvowo, bhokisi rakakura mukati meHumambo hweRoma, uko vatambi vaikwikwidzana mumakomborero makuru pamberi pevanhu vazhinji. Kusiyana nevaGirisi, vaRoma vakaunza nzira dzakaipa dzeBhokisi, vachishandisa magurovhosi ane simbi kuvandudza kupokana. Asi kuparara kweHumambo hweRoma kwakaita kuti bhokisi ridzike muEurope, uye mutambo uyu wakanganwika kwemazana emakore.
Kudzorerwa kweBhokisi muEngland
Bhokisi rakamutsiridzwa muEngland munguva dzezana remakore rechi16 nechi17, rinonyanya kuitwa semutambo wekurwisana nemaoko asina zvombo. “Prizefighting,” umo vatambi vekurwira vaitarisana kuti vakunde mari yaipiwa nevataridzi, zvakava zvakanakidzwa nemuzhinji. Asi makwikwi aya epakutanga aiva ane hutsinye uye aisina chimiro chakasimba sechinhu chinopihwa nebhokisi ramazuva ano.
Mukukudziridzwa kweBhokisi kwakabudirira kuvepo kwaJames Figg, munhu wekuEngland akazova chinyorwa chemucherechedzo mumakore ekutanga echi18. Kukunda kwaFigg kwakabatsira mukusimudzira mutambo uyu, uye iye anogara achionekwa se “baba veBhokisi Remazuva Ano.” Akavhura chikoro kwaakaraira vatambi vebhokisi, uye makwikwi ake akakura mukukwezva, achisimbisa mukuvepo kwake mumutambo uyu.
Muna 1743, Jack Broughton, mudzidzi waFigg, akatanga mitemo yakakwana inozivikanwa se “Mitemo yaBroughton.” Mitemo iyi yaive yekutanga kupa chengetedzo mumutambo uyu, senge kurambidza kurova munhu adonha, nekupa mutongo. Broughton akakurudzira kushandiswa kwemagurovhosi panguva yekudzidzira, kunyange zvazvo makwikwi mazhinji aingorwiwa nemaoko asina magurovhosi.
Mutambo uyu wakaramba uchikura, uye muna 1838, Mitemo yeLondon Prize Ring yakagadzirwa. Iyi mitemo yakapa hwaro hwekuchinja kukuru kutevera muBhokisi — kuunzwa kweMitemo yeQueensberry muna 1867. Iyi mitemo yakachinja bhokisi kuita mutambo une mitemo nekuita magirovhosi, nguva yakatarwa, kurongedza vatambi maererano nehuremu hwavo, uye kukandirwa kunze kwevasingatevedzeri mitemo. Mitemo yeQueensberry inoramba ichishandiswa nanhasi uye yakaratidza kutanga kwebhokisi repamusoro.
Nguva Yendarama yeBhokisi
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, bhokisi rinonzi nguva yerinoputika, nokuti mutambo uyu wakawedzera mukurumbira kuEurope neUnited States. Munguva iyi vatambi vane mukurumbira vakasimuka, zviitiko zvikuru zvakarongwa, uye bhokisi rakava chinhu chakakosha munyika yemutambo. Bhokisi harisi mutambo chete — raive chiitiko chakaona vanhu vose vachinakidzwa, kutangira pavanhu vechidiki kusvika kune vakuru vakurumbira.
Mumwe wevatambi vaive vakakurumbira panguva iyoyo aiva Jack Johnson, mutambi wekutanga wechiAfrica-America anehuremu hwekukunda munyika yose. Kukunda kwaJohnson mumutambo, pamwe nekusimuka kwake pamutemo werudzi, zvakaita kuti ave munhu anopikisa uye anodakadza panguva iyoyo. Akavhura mikova kune vamwe vatambi vatema mune ramangwana uye anoramba ari munhu akakosha munhoroondo yeBhokisi uye kodzero dzebantu.
Mushure meJohnson, vatambi vakakurumbira vakasvika, kusanganisira Joe Louis, uyo akange achitonga muChikamu cheMapoka Anehuremu panguva yemakore e1930 ne1940. Louis akange asingori mutambi — akange ari gamba renyika panguva yeHondo Yenyika II, achimiririra kurwisana kweAmerica kupesana neuto. Mitambo yake naMax Schmeling, mutambi wekuGermany, yaiona serimwe zvidzidzo pakati pekodzero nehutongi hwakaipa, uye zvaitambwa muna 1938 zvakave chimwe chezviitiko zvemutambo zvine mukurumbira munyika.
Kukanganiswa kweTelevision neMidhiya Yakakura
Kukwira kwemidhiya yepakati pezana remakore rechi20 kwakaita kuti bhokisi rikwire kumusoro. Kutepfenyurwa kwemaradio, kwakateverwa nekutepfenyurwa kweTelevision, kwakabvumira vanhu vakawanda kutevera mutambo vasina kuvapo pachinzvimbo. Iko kuwanikwa kwevhareji kwakagadzira chizvarwa chitsva chevateveri uye kwakabvumira vatambi kuti vawane mukurumbira munyika yose.
Muhammad Ali akasimuka akave mutambi wezvinoremekedzwa mumakumi emakore ekuma1960 ne1970, nekuda kwehungwaru hwake, kugona kwake, uye kushandira vanhu pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika. Kupokana kwake naJoe Frazier, pamwe nemakundano ake naSonny Liston naGeorge Foreman, akasanganisira makwikwi makuru emutambo uyu. Kushingaira kwaAli kwakaita kuti bhokisi rive nemukurumbira uye akaonekwa semumwe wevatambi vane mukurumbira wakanyanya munhoroondo yemutambo.
Kuumbwa kweTelevision yekubhadharwa kwemutambo weBhokisi (Pay-Per-View) mumakumi emakore e1980 ne1990 kwakaita kuti mutambo uyu usvike pamatanho matsva. Mitambo mikuru yaiitirwa vaenzi vakadai saMike Tyson, Evander Holyfield, naLennox Lewis yakava zviitiko zvemadhora akawanda, zvichikwevera vataridzi kubva kunyika yose. Tyson, kunyanya, akava mucherechedzo wezvinyorwa nemukurumbira wekuve munhu anoyemurwa zvikuru nekuda kwesimba rake nemvura.
Kutambanudzwa kweBhokisi Munyika Yose uye Kukosha KweTsika
Bhokisi mutambo une simba munyika yose, uye une vateveri vakawanda kuNorth America, Europe, Latin America, uye Asia. Matunhu ose aya akabudirira kupa vatambi vane mukurumbira avo vakasiya chiratidzo chavo mumutambo uyu.
KuUnited States, maguta akaita seNew York neLas Vegas akava nzvimbo dzebhokisi, uko zvimwe zvemitambo mikuru yakaitirwa munhoroondo. Las Vegas, kunyanya, yave kuzivikanwa nekurwira makundano epasi rose, ichikwezva zviuru zvevateveri kumakomborero ane mukurumbira akadai seMGM Grand neCaesar’s Palace. Vatambi vekuAmerica vane mukurumbira vakaita saFloyd Mayweather Jr. naOscar De La Hoya vakabudirira mutambo uyu mumakumi emakore apfuura, vachipa kukurumbira kukuru kweBhokisi kuUS.
Latin America yakabudisa vamwe vevatambi vakuru vebhokisi, kusanganisira Roberto Durán (Panama), Julio César Chávez (Mexico), uye Alexis Argüello (Nicaragua). Bhokisi rakadzika midzi mumitambo yetsika dzakawanda dzemuLatin America, uko rinotaridzirwa seimwe nzira yekubudirira kune vatambi vechidiki vakawanda. KuMexico, bhokisi rave richinzi chikamu chekutamba kwechinyakare, nevanhu vachisangana kuzopa rutsigiro kune vatambi vavo vemuno.
Zvikwata zveBhokisi, Varairidzi, uye Varongi Mitambo
Kunyange zvazvo bhokisi rinowanzoonekwa semutambo wemunhu mumwe, basa remapoka nevarairidzi rinokosha kubudirira kwemutambi. Shure kwemutambi wese mukuru pane chikwata chevanyanzvi vanomubatsira kugadzirira mutambo wake.
Mumwe wevarairidzi vane mukurumbira munhoroondo yebhokisi ndiye Angelo Dundee, akange achitungamira Muhammad Ali panguva yebasa rake rose. Uchenjeri hwaDundee uye kugona kwake kuchengetedza Ali panguva dzakaoma ndokubatsira Ali kukunda makwikwi ake. Dundee akashandawo naSugar Ray Leonard, mumwe wevatambi vakuru pamakore e1980.
Freddie Roach, mumwe wevarairidzi vane mukurumbira mazuva ano, akashanda naManny Pacquiao kwenguva yakareba yebasa rake, achimubatsira kuwana mazita emusoro munyika dzakasiyana dzehuremu. Gim Rake, Wild Card Boxing Club kuLos Angeles, nderei rimwe remagirini ane mukurumbira munyika yose, kwaanodzidzira vatambi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana dzepasi.
Varongi vemitambo zvakare vane basa rakakosha mubhokisi. Ivo vanoronga makwikwi, vanotaurirana mazita emibairo, uye vanoona kuti zviitiko izvi zvinoparadzirwa zvinonakidza uye zvinoshandira kuchengetedza pfuma. Vamwe varongi vane mukurumbira vakasanganisira:
- Top Rank Boxing: Yakatangwa naBob Arum, Top Rank yakabatana nemitambo mikuru yakawanda yakaitirwa muBhokisi, kusanganisira yeMuhammad Ali, Manny Pacquiao, naOscar De La Hoya.
- Golden Boy Promotions: Yakatangwa nemutambi wekuvakare Oscar De La Hoya, Golden Boy Promotions yakakwanisa kubudirira mukuparadzira nyeredzi dzakaita saCanelo Álvarez naRyan Garcia.
- Matchroom Boxing: Inotungamirwa naEddie Hearn, Matchroom ndiye mumwe wevashoma varongi vakakura muUK neEurope, anoronga mitambo mikuru ine Anthony Joshua, Dillian Whyte, uye Katie Taylor.
Kuzivikanwa KweBhokisi Mune Ramangwana Redhijitari
Makore achangopfuura, internet uye mapuratifomu edhijitari akashandura kuti vateveri vebhokisi vanotarisa sei uye vanoita sei nemutambo uyu. Nepuratifomu dzemutambo dzakaita seDAZN neESPN+, vateveri vebhokisi vanogona zvino “tarisa nhabvu online” uye vanakidzwe nezviitiko zvebhokisi pasina kuenda kumitambo yacho. Kukwaniswa kwekutarisa bhokisi kubva padigital platforms kwakavhura nzira itsva kune vateveri vebhokisi uye kwakabvumira zviitiko zvekuziva pasirese kuitwa nguva dzose.
Mhedziso
Bhokisi rine nhoroondo yakareba uye inoremekedzwa, kubva pakurwisana kwakashata kusvika mutambo unozivikanwa pasi rese. Uye sezvo mutambo uyu uchiramba uchikura, nhoroondo yebhokisi icharamba ichizivikanwa uye ichinyanya kukwezva kuvanhu pasi rese.