Nhanganyaya
Cricket, inowanzonzi mutambo wevanhurume, ine nzvimbo yakasarudzika munyika yemitambo. Yakave nekushanduka kwenguva refu, kubva mumaitiro ayo akapfava kuEngland kusvika pakuva rimwe remitambo inodiwa uye inoteverwa zvakanyanya munyika yose. Kunyange hazvo ichingakundikana kukwikwidza nebhora retsoka pamwero wekupararira pasi rose, cricket ine nzvimbo yakakosha mumoyo yevanhu vakawanda, kunyanya munyika dzakaita seIndia, Australia, England, Pakistan, uye West Indies. Muchinyorwa chino, tichanyura munhoroondo yecricket, kusimukira kwayo kusvika pamukurumbira pasi rose, uye zvikwata zvakanyatsokosha zvakasiya tsoka dzisingakanganwike mumutambo uyu.
Kwakatangira Cricket: Ongororo yeNhoroondo
Midzi yecricket inotangira muzana ramakore rechi16, panguva iyo yaitamba nevana munzvimbo dzemaruwa kumaodzanyemba kweEngland. Pakazosvika kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi17, vanhu vakuru vakatanga kutamba mutambo uyu, zvishoma nezvishoma uchiwana mukurumbira sechirongwa chakarongeka. Vhezheni yepakutanga yemutambo iyi yaiva yakasiyana neyatinoziva nhasi, nemitemo iri nyore uye zvishandiso zvishoma, uye yaiwanzo tambirwa muminda kana munzvimbo dzakavhurika.
Mutambo wekutanga wakanyorwa wakaitika muna 1646, uye sezvo makore akafamba, cricket yakatanga kuiswa mumitemo yakasimba, kunyanya pakati pevane pfuma. Kugadzirwa kweMarylebone Cricket Club (MCC) muna 1787 kwaive kugadzirwa kwakakosha munhoroondo yemitambo, kwakasimbisa mitemo inotonga mutambo. Nhandare yeMCC, Lord’s, kubva ipapo yakava chiratidzo chepfuma inoremekedzwa yecricket.
Zana remakore rechi19 rakaona cricket ichipararira pamusoro peBritish Empire. Mutambo wekutanga wepasi rose wakaitika pakati peUnited States neCanada muna 1844, asi kukura kwechokwadi kwemutambo uyu kwakatanga nekuuya kwetest cricket muna 1877, apo England yakatamba neAustralia kuMelbourne. Ichi chiitiko chakakosha chakaisawo hwaro hweimwe yehukwikwidzano hunotyisa mucricket — The Ashes.
Kukura Pasi Rose: Kusimukira kweCricket mumakoloni
Cricket yakasimba mumakoloni eBritish, kunyanya muIndia, Australia, Caribbean, uye South Africa. Kukura kwemutambo uyu hakuna kungova mhedzisiro yekutonga kweBritish chete, asiwo nekuda kwekukwezva kwayo kwakakosha, kunosanganisa mazano, hunyanzvi hwekuvhunduka, uye tsika.
- Australia: Australia yakakurumidza kugamuchira cricket, ichiva imwe yemasimba makuru mumutambo. Huroyi hwayo neEngland hwakatungamira mukutanga kweThe Ashes muna 1882, uye Australia yakakurumidza kuve nyika ine simba, ichigadzira nyeredzi dzakaita saSir Donald Bradman, Shane Warne, uye Ricky Ponting.
- India: Cricket yakaunzwa kuIndia mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi18 nevafambisi vengarava veBritish, uye pakutanga yaingotambwa nevakuru vemagariro epamusoro. Zvisinei, pakazosvika kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, cricket yakava mutambo unodiwa nenyika yose. Kugadzirwa kwechikwata checricket cheIndia muna 1932 kwaive kuchinja kukuru, uye India yakazova musimboti wecricket pasi rose, nekutangwa kweIndian Premier League (IPL), iyo yave imwe yemakwikwi ane mari zhinji.
- Caribbean (West Indies): Cricket muCaribbean ine nhaka yakadzama, nechikwata checricket cheWest Indies chichiita simba guru mumakore ekuma1970 nemakore ekuma1980. Magamba akaita saSir Vivian Richards, Clive Lloyd, uye Michael Holding vakatungamira chikwata ichi munguva yeupfumi yavo huru, vachikunda World Cup kakawanda uye vachibudirira zvakanyanya muTest cricket.
- South Africa: Cricket muSouth Africa ine nhoroondo yakareba, asi mutemo weapartheid munyika iyi wakaita kuti South Africa igare yakaparadzaniswa necricket yepasi rose pakati pa1970 na1991. Mushure mekupera kweapartheid, South Africa yakadzokera semutambo wezvikwata zvine mukurumbira, nevatambi vakaita saJacques Kallis, Dale Steyn, uye AB de Villiers vachiwedzera mukurumbira pasi rose.
Shanduko yeCricket: Mhando uye Hutano
Chimwe chezvipo zvikuru zvecricket kugona kwayo kuchinja. Makore achipfuurira, mutambo uyu wakashanduka kubva pamaitiro ake echinyakare uchienda kumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, uchigadzirisa zvido zvevataridzi. Mhando huru dzemutambo uyu ndedzi:
- Test Cricket: Chimiro chekare uye chakasvibirira chemutambo, Test cricket inotambwa kwemazuva mashanu, nechikwata chega chega chine maviri innings. Ichiri kuyedzwa kwekupedzisira kwekutsungirira, hunyanzvi, uye zano. Zvakatevedzana zveTest zvakaita seThe Ashes zvakaburitsa dzimwe dzenhoroondo dzinonyanya kuyeukwa mumutambo uyu.
- One Day Internationals (ODIs): Yakatangwa muma1970, ODIs yakashandura cricket nekuganhurira chikwata chega chega ku50 overs, nokudaro kupedza mutambo mumwe chete mumazuva rimwe. Chimiro ichi chakapfupika chakabatsira kuberekwa kweICC Cricket World Cup, ndiyo yepamusoro-soro muODI cricket, iyo inoitika gore rimwe nerimwe. Vatambi vakakurumbira vakaita saSachin Tendulkar naGlenn McGrath vakave nemukurumbira mukukunda World Cup.
- Twenty20 (T20): T20 cricket ndiyo inonyanya kufambira mberi uye inokurumidza kukura pamutambo, nechikwata chega chega chinotamba 20 overs. T20 cricket yakashandura mutambo uyu, ichikwezva vataridzi vadiki uye kukonzera makwikwi epasi rose akaita seIPL uye Big Bash League (BBL). Vatambi vakaita saChris Gayle, MS Dhoni, uye AB de Villiers vakave nyeredzi dzepasi rose muT20 cricket.
Zvikwata Zvakakurumbira muCricket: Simba reMutambo
Cricket yakabudisa zvikwata zvine mukurumbira zvakave nedominance pamitambo panguva dzakasiyana. Hezvino zvimwe zvezvikwata zvakakurumbira munhoroondo yecricket:
1. Australia
Australia ndeimwe yezvikwata zvakabudirira zvikuru munhoroondo yecricket, inozivikanwa nemutambo wayo unotyisa uye nemakwikwi ane hasha. Chikwata cheAustralia chakakunda makwikwi mashanu eICC Cricket World Cups (1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, uye 2015) — kupfuura nyika ipi neipi. Ivo vane kutonga kwakadzama muTest neODI cricket, uye vatambi vavo vagara vari pamwero wepamusoro-soro.
Vamwe vevatambi veAustralia vakakurumbira ndeava:
- Sir Donald Bradman: Anonyanya kuzivikanwa somubati mukuru wenguva dzose, nhoroondo yaBradman yakazadzwa nekuratidzwa kwemakwikwi uye inoshamisa. Chiitiko chake cheTest batting che99.94 chichiri kusabviswa kubva pakuremekedzwa.
- Shane Warne: Imwe yenzira dzakakurumbira dze spin bowling munhoroondo yecricket, hunyanzvi hwaWarne mu leg-spin hwakasimudzira mutambo uyu.
- Ricky Ponting: Sakatapa weAustralia, Ponting akatungamira chikwata cheAustralia kumakwikwi maviri eWorld Cup uye akava mutambi ane zvibodzwa zvakawanda munhoroondo yecricket.
2. India
Rwendo rweIndia mucricket runoshamisa. Kubva pakutanga kunzvimbo yekuremekedzwa munyika yose, India ikozvino yave musimboti wemari nevatambi vekutsigira mutambo wecricket. India yakakunda ICC Cricket World Cup yayo yekutanga muna 1983 pasi pehutungamiri hwaKapil Dev, uye yakawedzera chimwe muna 2011 pasi pehutungamiri hwaMS Dhoni.
Vamwe vevatambi vekuIndia vanozivikanwa ndeava:
- Sachin Tendulkar: Anozivikanwa se “Mudiki Master”, Tendulkar anowanzotaurwa somubati mukuru munhoroondo yecricket. Ane zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa, kusanganisira kuva nemabodza akawanda muTest neODI cricket.
- MS Dhoni: Somutambi mukuru, Dhoni akatungamira India kukunda muICC T20 World Cup 2007 uye ICC Cricket World Cup 2011, zvichiita kuti ave neimwe yehutungamiri hwepamusoro munhoroondo yecricket yeIndia.
- Virat Kohli: Iye mukurumbira wemazuva ano wecricket kuIndia, Kohli anozivikanwa nekuda kwekukurumidza kwebati rake nemutambo wake unokatyamadza. Akaputsa zvinyorwa zvakawanda uye achiri kutonga nyika yecricket.
3. West Indies
Chikwata checricket cheWest Indies chaive nehutongi hwakasimba pakati pemakore ekuma1970 uye 1980. Kwavo kwefast bowling uye mabatiro emutambo zvakaona kuti vakapotsa vava vasina kukundwa mumakore aya. West Indies yakakunda makwikwi maviri eICC Cricket World Cups ekutanga muna 1975 na1979 uye yakabudisa vatambi vakakurumbira munhoroondo yecricket.
Vamwe vevatambi veWest Indies vakakurumbira ndeava:
- Sir Vivian Richards: Anozivikanwa nekurwisana nemutambi ari muground, Richards anoyemurwa somutambi anotyisa munhoroondo yecricket.
- Clive Lloyd: Somutambi mukuru, Lloyd akatungamira West Indies kuCups mbiri dzeWorld uye anoyeukwa nekuda kwehutungamiri hwake uye hunhu hwake hwakasimba.
- Michael Holding: Imwe yevatambi vanoshamisa fast bowler, zita rake rinoyeukwa zvakanyanya nemutambi ane simba.
4. England
Kuve nzvimbo yekwakabva cricket, England ine nhoroondo yakadzama mumutambo uyu. Kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma kuva nezvakawanda zvekukunda World Cup, kukunda kweEngland muICC Cricket World Cup 2019 kwaive nguva yakakosha pachikwata. England inonyanya kuzivikanwa nemakwikwi ayo makuru neAustralia mumakwikwi eThe Ashes.
Vamwe vevatambi vekuEngland vanozivikanwa ndeava:
- Sir Ian Botham: Ane mukurumbira wekuva mutambi wese-kamwe, iyo 1981 Ashes series ichiyeukwa pamwe nekukunda kwake.
- Andrew Flintoff: Mabasa ake mukutamba kwakasiyana-siyana akamuita mutambi akakurumbira kuEngland.
- Joe Root: Mutambi anotonga mabhodhoro makuru, Root anowanzozivikanwa kuve wepamusoro-soro munhoroondo yecricket.
5. Pakistan
Pakistan ine nhoroondo yakareba yekugadzira vatambi vecricket ve fast bowlers vanoshamisa. Pakistan yakakunda makwikwi ayo ekutanga ICC Cricket World Cup muna 1992 pasi pehutungamiri hwaImran Khan uye kubva ipapo kwave nemakwikwi anofadza uye anoshamisa.
Vamwe vevatambi vePakistan vakakurumbira ndeava:
- Imran Khan: Mutambi we cricket wepamusoro-soro muPakistan uye iye zvino mutungamiri wepamutemo, hunyanzvi hwaImran uye kutungamira kwake kwakaita kuti Pakistan ikunde makwikwi eWorld Cup muna 1992.
- Wasim Akram: Inozivikanwa ne zita remadunhurirwa “Sultan weSwing”, Akram anozivikanwa somutambi mukuru fast bowler ane hunyanzvi hwakasiyana hwekugadzirisa nzvimbo.
- Babar Azam: Kutungamira kuzvarwa kutsva, Babar anozivikanwa nekutamba kwake kwemvura uye ndiye mukuru wecricket wemazuva ano.
Tarisai Bhora reTsoka Pamhepo: Nguva yeDigital
Nekukura kweplatform dzedigital, vateveri vemitambo vane mukana wakasarudzika wekutarisa mitambo yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira bhora retsoka pamhepo. Kune vanofarira cricket vanoda zvakare kutarisa bhora, kune dzakawanda platform dzepamhepo dzinopa mitambo yebhora yakananga:
- Vanoparadzira Vakuru: Mapuratifomu akadai saSky Sports, ESPN, uye Star Sports anopa mabasa ekutanga pane nzvimbo dzawo dzewebhu kana maapp. Mabasa ekubhadhara anopa kuchengetwa kwemhando yepamusoro uye ongororo dzine ruzivo.
- Platform Dzepasocial neStreaming: YouTube, Facebook, uye Twitter zvave kuve dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshanda pakuratidzira mitambo yebhora. Uyezve, mabasa anovimbisa se Hotstar, Kayo, uye Sony Liv anopa mitambo inobva pakuratidzira cricket pamwe nekuona bhora.
Mhedziso
Rwendo rwecricket kubva kumutambo wepamusoro muEngland kusvika kupasi rose rwakaratidza kuti mutambo uyu unokwezva vanhu vakawanda. Nhoroondo yayo yakadzama, zvikwata zvaro zvine mukurumbira uye mhedziso dzinonakidza dzichiri kukwezva vateveri munyika yose. Shanduko yemutambo uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kunoratidza ramangwana rine tariro kwecricket, uye izvi zvinovimbisa kuti icharamba iri mutambo unodiwa nezvizvarwa zvakawanda.
