Kutanga Kwemutambo
Nhoroondo yenhabvu inogona kudzokera kumagariro ekare, uko mitambo yakasiyana-siyana yebhora yaitambwa nevanhu dzakasiyana pasirese, yaizoti inopembererwa nhasi sehupenyu hwe nhabvu. MuChina yekare, pakanga paine mutambo unonzi “Cuju” uyo wakatambwa kutanga muna 206 BC, uye mitambo yakafanana yakawanikwa muGreece, Roma neAmerika. Zvisinei, chimiro chazvino chenhoroondo yenhabvu chakatanga kuvandudzwa kuEngland mukati mezana ramakore rechi19.
Muna 1863, pakavambwa Football Association (FA) kuEngland, kukanda hwaro hwe nhabvu yakaunganidzwa. Munguva iyi, mutsauko wakajeka pakati pe nhabvu nerugby wakaitwa. Mitemo yeFA yakaita kuti dribbling uye kukanda bhora zvinyanye kukosheswa kupfuura kutakura bhora, uye izvi zvakakurumidza kufamba, zvichiisa nhabvu munguva dzazvino.
Kupararira Kwepasi Pose
Kubudirira kwenhoroondo yenhabvu hakuna kungogumira kuEngland chete. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi19, nhabvu yakatanga kupararira muEurope, zvichibva kunhabvu yaitambwa nevaranda veBritish nemasailors avo vakauya nezvimwewo munyika nyowani. Muna 1872, mutambo wekutanga wenhabvu wenyika dzakasiyana wakaitwa pakati peEngland neScotland, kukanda hwaro hwe nhabvu yepasi pose.
Muna 1904, FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) yakavambwa, iyo yakaiswa sekuunganidzwa kwepasirese kwenhoroondo yehabvu. Muna 1930, panguva yeUruguay, maitiro epasi rose eWorld Cup FIFA akatanga kuitwa, uye nyika yacho yakatambira yekutanga yakatora chiremba ichocho chemutambo. Chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti nhabvu iite mutambo wepasi rose, sezvo nyika dzakawanda dzakabatana neFIFA uye mitambo yepasi rose yakazove yakarongwa zvakanyanya uye inokudzwa.
Kuwedzera Mushure Mehondo uye Zera Regoridhe
Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, nhabvu yakawedzera mukurumbira, uye nhepfenyuro dzetelevhizheni dzakaita kuti mutambo usvike kune vakawanda pasi rose. Vatambi vakatanhamara vakaita saPelé wekuBrazil, Diego Maradona wekuArgentina, naFerenc Puskás weHungary vakasimudza nhabvu pahwaro hutsva, vachifadza vateveri nemano avo akanakisa.
Muna 1955, UEFA Champions League (yaimbozivikanwa seEuropean Cup) yakatangwa, ichitendera makirabhu akanakisa eEurope kukwikwidza kuti vagone kuzviratidza mumakontinendi. Mutambo uyu wakazove wakakurumbira munyika yose, uchiunganidza vatambi vakuru uye zvikwata zvakanyanya kunaka munhoroondo yenhabvu.
Kuzivikanwa Kwakakura KweNhabvu
Mutambo Wepasi Rose
Nhabvu inotambwa uye kuteverwa kumativi ose epasi. Ine vateveri vanopfuura mabhiriyoni mana, nhabvu ndiyo mutambo unozivikanwa zvakanyanya pasirese, uye kufarirwa kwayo kunobva mukureruka kwayo. Nhabvu inongoda zvishoma — bhora uye nzvimbo yakazaruka — izvo zvinoita kuti mutambo uwanikwe kune vanhu vemarudzi ose. Izvi zvakaita kuti nhabvu ifambire mberi mumaguta, kumaruwa, uye kwese kwese pakati pazvo.
World Cup, inoitwa makore mana oga oga, ndiyo mbiru yenhabvu yepasi rose, ichikwezva mabhiriyoni evatariri. FIFA World Cup ya2018, yakaitirwa kuRussia, yakaonekwa nevanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni 3.5 pasi rose, uye vanopfuura bhiriyoni imwe vakatarisa mutambo wekupedzisira pakati peFrance neCroatia. Mutambo uyu unounza pamwechete vatambi venhabvu vakanyanya uye nyika dzakasiyana, vachigadzira nguva dzisingakanganwiki uye kukwikwidza kwakanyanya.
Hukuru Hwenhabvu Yemakirabhu
Nepo nhabvu yemarudzi ichinakidza, nhabvu yemakirabhu inoita kuti makwikwi evateveri avakoshese, achinakidza pasi rose gore rose. Mitambo mikuru sePremier League yeEngland (EPL), La Liga yeSpain, Serie A yeItaly, Bundesliga yeGermany neLigue 1 yeFrance ine vateveri vakawanda pasirese. EPL, kunyanya, ndiyo mitambo yakanyanya kutariswa pasirese, ichitambirwa munyika dzinopfuura 200.
UEFA Champions League yakasimudzira nhabvu yemakirabhu eEurope kunzvimbo dzisingaenzaniswi, nezvikwata zvinonzi Real Madrid, Barcelona, Bayern Munich, uye Manchester United zvave kuzivikanwa pasi rose. Aya makirabhu haangori zvikwata zvenhabvu chete — iwo zvakare mapoka makuru evateveri, achimiririra zvinopfuura mutambo kune vanovatevera.
KuSouth America, Copa Libertadores ndiyo makwikwi epamusoro emakirabhu, apo zvikwata zveBrazil, Argentina, nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokwikwidza kutonga kwematunhu. Zvikwata zvakaita seBoca Juniors, River Plate, neFlamengo zvine vateveri vakatsiga, uye mitambo muSouth America inowanzo gadzira mamiriro akasimba uye anofadza.
Zvikwata Zvikuru: Makurusa eNhabvu
Zvikwata zverudzi
- Brazil: Brazil inozivikanwa neunyanzvi hwakasarudzika. Chikwata cheBrazil, chinowanikwa se “Seleção”, chakatora mukombe weWorld Cup kashanu (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002). Nemutambo wavo unobaya, kugadzira, uye hunyanzvi, Brazil yakaburitsa vatambi vakuru zvakaita saPelé, Zico, Romário, Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, uye Neymar.
- Germany: Chikwata chenyika cheGermany chinozivikanwa nekubudirira, kurongeka, uye kubudirira nguva dzose. Germany yakahwina mukombe weWorld Cup ka4 (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014) uye yakasvika kupera kwemitambo kasere. Nhabvu yeGermany inozivikanwa nekubudirira kwezvematongerwo enyika uye simba revatambi, ichiburitsa vakakurumbira saFranz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, naMiroslav Klose.
- Argentina: Argentina ndicho chimwewo chikwata chine mukurumbira, ichihwina mukombe weWorld Cup kaviri (1978, 1986), uye ichibudisa zvigona zviri kuramba zvichikura. Kuonekwa kwaDiego Maradona mumakundano eWorld Cup a1986, kusanganisira ne “Hand of God” goal uye hupenyu hwake mumutambo wekuenda kune England, kuramba kuchiva nguva inoyevedza. Lionel Messi akaita kuti Argentina irambe ichibudirira, achizivikanwa semumwe wavatambi vakuru.
- Italy: Chikwata cheItaly, “Gli Azzurri”, chinozivikanwa nekusimba kwaro pakudzivirira uye kugona kwehunyanzvi. Italy yakahwina mukombe weWorld Cup ka4 (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006), uye nzira yavo yekudzivirira yakawana mbiri yekuva chikwata chakaoma kurwisa.
- France: France yakahwina mukombe weWorld Cup kashanu (1998, 2018), uye musanganiswa wekuunganidza hunyanzvi uye kugona kwakawedzera simba muFrance, nekuve timu iri kutumbuka kwazvino. Zinedine Zidane akatungamirira kuhwina kwe1998, uye Mbappe akaratidza hunyanzvi hwake muna 2018.
Zvikwata zvemakirabhu
- Real Madrid: Nezvikwata 14 zveUEFA Champions League, Real Madrid ndiyo kirabhu yakabudirira muEurope. Kuzivikanwa nevatambi vakaita saZidane, Ronaldo, Beckham, uye Cristiano Ronaldo, Real Madrid ndiyo chikara chenhabvu chine vateveri vakawanda.
- Barcelona: Barcelona yakanyorwa nenzira “Tiki-taka”, inozivikanwa zvaitwa naJohan Cruyff uye Pep Guardiola, yakaita kuti nhabvu ikure muupenyu hwazvino. Nemutambi akadai saLionel Messi, Xavi, uye Iniesta, Barcelona yakawana zvikwata zvakawanda zveLa Liga uye UEFA Champions League.
- Manchester United: Pasi paSir Alex Ferguson, Manchester United yakave simba muEngland nhabvu, kuhwina ka13 muPremier League uye UEFA Champions League kaviri. Zvakadaro, kirabhu iyi inozivikanwa nevanhu pasi rose.
- Bayern Munich: Bayern Munich inozivikanwa nekuhwina muBundesliga uye zvimwe zvikwata zvehondo zveEurope. Nenzira yavo yekuronga, vakabudisa vatambi vakakosha kuburikidza neChikoro cheYouth.
- AC Milan: AC Milan ine zvikwata 7 zveUEFA Champions League uye yakaburitsa vatambi vane mukurumbira vakaita saPaolo Maldini, Marco van Basten naKaka.
Makwikwi Akakurumbira: Kupemberera Nhabvu
Nhabvu inozivikanwa nekwikwidzi dzinoshamisa dzinowedzera simba, nyaya uye kunakidzwa kwevatambi. Aya makwikwi ane hukama nemarudzi, nhaka uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika kana zvinhu zvetsika.
- El Clásico (Real Madrid vs Barcelona): El Clásico ndiyo imwe yemitambo inozivikanwa zvikuru. Inomiririra zvinopfuura mutambo weMadrid uye Barcelona. Mumakundano aya vakabatana vatambi vakadai saMessi, Ronaldo, Zidane naRonaldinho.
- Manchester Derby (Manchester United vs Manchester City): Kwemakore United yaitonga muManchester Derby, asi shanduko yakaita kuti City ive nesimba, pasi paPep Guardiola. Kutarisirwa kwemutambo uno kukuru.
- Superclásico (Boca Juniors vs River Plate): KuArgentina, mitambo yevakwikwidzi iyi inokwezva vateveri vashomanana vanogadzira mamiriro.
- Derby d’Italia (AC Milan vs Inter Milan): KuItaly, makwikwi akabatanidzwa mukwikwidzi uyu achiratidza mutambo mukuru, unotarirwa neshamwari dzakawanda muSan Siro Stadium.
- North London Derby (Arsenal vs Tottenham): MuLondon, mitambo iyi yakatariswa zvikuru, neArsenal neTottenham vachikwikwidzana nemabhora.
Ramangwana reNhabvu
Sezvo nhabvu inoramba ichikura, matekinoroji matsva akaita seVAR uye kufambira mberi kwekudzidzisa vatambi zviri kuchinja nzira inotambwa nayo. Mukurumbira wenhabvu uchiramba uchikura, musika kuAsia, Africa neNorth America uchaenderera mberi nekukura kwemitambo.
Mutambo wenhabvu yevakadzi zvakare uri kukurumidza kukura, neFIFA Women’s World Cup uye UEFA Women’s Champions League ichiwedzera kukwezva vateereri.
Mhedziso
Nhoroondo yenhabvu, kubva pakuumbwa kwayo kusvika mukubudirira kwayo kwanhasi, inoratidza kugona kwayo kwekusanganisa vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana. Mukurumbira wayo, zvikwata zvinoshamisa, uye makwikwi makuru ndizvo zvimwe zvezvikonzero nei nhabvu ichidyiwa nevanhu mabhiriyoni pasi rose. Nhaka yayo yakasimuka uye inoramba iripo, ichisimudzira nhabvu sezvo zvizvarwa zvichiuya.