Nhanganyaya: Kubatanidza Nyika yeMitambo
Kuwedzera kwezera redhijitari kuri kuenderera mberi, uye vateveri vemitambo vari kutanga kushandisa mapuratifomu epamhepo kuti vanakidzwe nemitambo inorarama. Shoko rekuti “tarisa nhabvu pamhepo” rave kushandiswa zvakanyanya, sezvo vateveri vanobva kumativi ose enyika vachiona mitambo pachigadzirwa chavo. Zvisinei, shanduko yemitambo pamhepo haina kugumira panhabvu chete. Tennis, mumwe mutambo une mukurumbira pasi rose, une nhoroondo yakadzama uye zvikwata zvinobudirira zvinogona kuteverwa kuburikidza nepuratifomu dzemavhidhiyo dzepamhepo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichazeya nhoroondo inonakidza yetennis, kukura kwemukurumbira kwayo, uye zvikwata pamwe nevanoita basa mune izvi zvose.
Mavambo eTennis: Tarisa Zvakaitika Kare
Tennis, sezvatinozviziva nhasi, ine mavambo ayo akadzika mukare-kare, uye vamwe vanoti mutambo uyu wakatanga kutambwa kuFrance muzana remakore rechi 12, unonzi “Jeu de Paume” (mutambo wechipama). Panguva iyoyo, mutambo uyu waishandiswa pasina maraketi, uchingoita kuti vatambi vashandise maoko kurova bhora pamadziro.
Pakazosvika makore ekuma16, mutambo uyu wakashandurwa nemaitiro matsva ayo aisanganisira maraketi, zvichiita kuti uve pedyo nekwatiri kuona tennis nhasi. Mutambo uyu wakatambirwa mumatare emakereke emadzimambo emuEurope uye wakazove unonyanya kufarirwa kuEngland neFrance. Shoko rekuti “tennis” rinotora mavambo kubva kuChiFrench, “tenez,” zvinoreva kuti “tora” kana “tarira,” izvo vatambi vaitaura pavanoita serve.
Kuberekwa kweTennis Yemazuva Ano
Tennis yemazuva ano yakatanga kuumbika mukupera kwezana remakore rechi 19. Major Walter Clopton Wingfield, mukuru weuto rekuBritain, akagadzira mutambo waidaidzwa kuti “Sphairistikè” (izwi rechiGreek rinoreva “kutamba nebhora”) mugore ra1873. Akagadzira mitemo yekutanga yacho, uye zvakakurumidza kutanga kunakidzwa nevakuru vakuru veBritain.
Mugore ra1877, mutambo wekutanga wepamutemo wetennis wakaitwa kuAll England Club muWimbledon, London. Mutambo uyu wakaratidza kuumbwa kwemutambo uye kuiswa kwevamwe mitemo yakafanana. Makwikwi eWimbledon ndiwo makuru ekutanga panyika uye anokosheswa zvakanyanya, uye anova chikamu cheGrand Slam.
Grand Slam: Zviga zveTennis Repasi Rose
Makwikwi eGrand Slam – Wimbledon, US Open, French Open, neAustralian Open – ndiwo makwikwi anonyanya kufarirwa uye anonyatso teverwa munyika yetennis. Aya makwikwi mana akakosha abatsira kuita kuti tennis ive mutambo une mukurumbira pasi rose uye akabatsira kugadzira basa remazita akawanda anozivikanwa mumutambo uyu.
- Wimbledon (England): Yakagadzwa muna 1877, Wimbledon inozivikanwa nekutevedza tsika dzayo dzakasimba, dzinosanganisira kumanikidzwa kwekupfeka zvipfeko zvichena uye kutambirwa kwayo pamashamba emashanga. Makwikwi aya anobatwa pagore muLondon uye anozivikanwa nemukurumbira wawo, hunhu hwake uye kukwikwidzana kwakasimba.
- US Open (United States): US Open yakatanga muna 1881 uye ndiyo makwikwi makuru epagore munyika yeUnited States. Ichi chiitiko chinoitwa muNew York uye chinozivikanwa nekukurumidza kwayo kwakanyanya pamakot inotonhorera pamwe nekunakidza kwayo. Arthur Ashe Stadium, uko makwikwi anoitwa, ndiyo huru kwazvo munyika yose.
- French Open (France): Inozivikanwa nekot yayo yematope matsvuku, French Open, kana Roland Garros, inowanzozivikanwa senzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru nekuda kwekunonoka kwekutsvedza kwayo. Yakaitwa kekutanga muna 1891, ndiyo yega Grand Slam iri kutambwa pamatope uye inoramba iri bvunzo yehunyanzvi uye mweya.
- Australian Open (Australia): Grand Slam yakapfuvura kwazvo, Australian Open yakatanga kuitwa muna 1905. Makwikwi aya anotambwa pamakot akaomeswa muMelbourne uye ndiyo yekutanga makwikwi pagore uye inozivikanwa nematembiricha epamusoro uye kunakidza kwayo.
Kukura kweMukurumira weTennis: Chiratidzo Chepasi Rose
Tennis yakakura zvikuru mumakore 100 apfuura. Pakutanga, mutambo uyu waiwanzotambirwa nevakuru vakuru vematare uye zvikwata zveEurope, asi mumakore echi 20, tennis yakatambanudzira kunze kweEurope neUnited States, ikatangwa kuAustralia, kuSouth America, uye nguva pfupi yadarika kuAsia.
Zvikonzero Zvakakosha Zvekukura kweTennis
- Televhizheni uye Media: Kuwedzera kwekufambiswa kwemitambo muma televhizheni muzana ramakore rechi 20 kwakachinja mutambo we tennis zvikuru. Vanhu vaimbotadza kuona makwikwi ikozvino vakakwanisa kutevera makwikwi epasi rose seWimbledon neUS Open kubva kumba kwavo. Kuwedzera kwekuona uku kwakabatsira kuvaka hwaro hwemufaro pasi rose.
- Vanoita basa vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana: Kusiyana nemimwe mitambo, tennis yave nevanoita basa vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana vakabudirira pakuzadzisa zviratidzo zvavo. Kubva kuna Gustavo Kuerten kuSouth America kusvika kuna Li Na kuAsia, mazita akasiyana-siyana kubva kumativi akasiyana enyika akakurudzira vatambi vechidiki uye vateveri vakawanda. Iyi kumiririra kwepasi rose kwakawedzera mukurumbira we tennis.
- Streaming Pamhepo: Munguva ye dhijitari yanhasi, vateveri havachadi kuramba vachiona mitambo kuburikidza nemavhidhiyo nekuti ivo zvino vanokwanisa kuona mitambo yavo vachingova kumba kwavo. Neplatfomu dzakadai se Tennis TV, ESPN, uye Amazon Prime, tennis yava nyore kusvika kupfuura kare. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuti vanhu vakwanise “kutarisawo nhabvu pamhepo” uye mitambo ye tennis irarame, zvichiita kuti mutambo uyu urambe uine mukurumbira wepasi rose.
Mukurumbira weTennis Pasi Rose
Nhasi, tennis inotambwa munyika dzinopfuura 200 uye vanhu vanosvika mamirioni vakawanda pasi rose vanotevera mutambo uyu. Makwikwi eGrand Slam, ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals), uye WTA (Women’s Tennis Association) anoonekwa nevateereri vakawanda, uye mitambo inoratidzwa mumitauro yakawanda.
Semuenzaniso wenhabvu, internet yakava nemabasa akakosha mukuwedzera huwandu hwevateveri vetenis. Kutarisa tennis pamhepo kwava nyore, uye vateveri vanobva kumativi ose epasi vanogona kutevera vatambi vavo kubva pamutambo wekutanga kusvika pamakundano epasi rose.
Zvikwata Zvakakurumbira uye Makwikwi MuTennis
Kunyange zvazvo tennis inowanzoonekwa senzvimbo yemutambo wega, pane makwikwi ezvikwata anozivikanwa anowedzera kunakidza kwemitambo iyi. Zviitiko izvi zvinopa vatambi mukana wekudziviririra nyika dzavo, zvichisanganisa hunyanzvi hwemunhu oga nehurongwa hwechikwata.
Davis Cup: Mutambo wePasi Rose
Davis Cup ndiyo imwe ye mitambo inotambirwa nezvikwata yakareba zvikuru uye inoremekedzwa mu tennis. Yakagadzwa muna 1900, inozivikanwa se “Pasi Rose reTennis” uye ine zvikwata zvemunyika kubva pasi rose. Mhando yemitambo iyi inobvumira nyika kuti dzikwikwidze nemutambo mukuru unotarisirwa nevatambi vari vega nevazhinji.
Nyika dzakaita seUnited States, Australia, neSpain dzakagara dzichitungamira mumakwikwi eDavis Cup, nepo nyika dzichiri kukura dze tennis dzakaita seArgentina neSerbia dzakabudirira mumakore achangopfuura.
Billie Jean King Cup (yaimbova Fed Cup)
Billie Jean King Cup ndiyo makwikwi akakurumbira ezvikwata zvevakadzi mu tennis. Yakazonzi Billie Jean King Cup muna 2020 kuzokudza mutambi wegore Billie Jean King. Sezvo iri mutambo unoda zvikwata zvemunyika, vatambi vanomirira nyika dzavo pamitambo inosanganisira singles nedoubles.
Laver Cup: Kurangarira Makwikwi MuTennis
Laver Cup mutambo mutsva wakanyorwa mu tennis, wakavambwa muna 2017. Wakatsaurirwa kumutambi ane mukurumbira Rod Laver, mutambo uyu unosanganisa zvikwata zveEurope nezveWorld munzira yakafanana neRyder Cup. Kunyange zvazvo isiri mutambo mukuru wekunyora, Laver Cup yakawana mukurumbira nekuda kwemutambo wayo wakasiyana uye vatambi vanozivikanwa.
Hopman Cup: Mitambo yeZvikwata Zvine Vakadzi neVarume
Hopman Cup mutambo wakasarudzika unobatanidza zvikwata zvine varume nevakadzi vanomiririra nyika dzavo. Chikwata chimwe nechimwe chinosanganisira mutambi mumwe wechirume nemumwe wechikadzi, uye vanokwikwidza mumitambo ye singles uye doubles. Makwikwi aya akanyorwa zita raHarry Hopman, mutambi wetennis wekuAustralia.
Makurumbira MuTennis: Vatambi Vakachinja Mutambo
Tennis yakaburitsa vamwe vevatambi vakakurumbira munhoroondo yemitambo. Vatambi ava vakasiya tsoka dzisiri kuzodzimika mumutambo uyu, vachikurudzira vatambi vechidiki uye vachiwedzera mukurumbira we tennis.
Varume Vakakurumbira MuTennis
- Roger Federer: Anowanzoonekwa semutambi wakanakisisa wetennis munhoroondo, Roger Federer akahwina 20 Grand Slam titles, zvinosanganisira kurekodha kumikana sere kuWimbledon. Maitiro ake ekutamba akapfava, hunhu hwake hwechitendero, uye kubudirira kwake kwenguva refu zvakaita kuti ave nemukurumbira muvanhu vakawanda pasi rose.
- Rafael Nadal: Achiwanzonzi “Mambo we Mutope,” Rafael Nadal akahwina mikombe 14 yeFrench Open pa mutope weParis. Kushanda kwake nesimba, kugona kwepfungwa, uye simba rakanyanya zvinomuita kuti ave mutambi anozivikanwa munhoroondo yetennis.
- Novak Djokovic: Djokovic akahwina mikombe 24 yeGrand Slam, zvinosanganisira kurekodha kumikana 10 kuAustralian Open. Kugona kwake kukunda, kuenderera mberi, uye kugona kwake kutamba pane dzese nhandare zvakaita kuti ave nesimba rakanyanya mu tennis.
Vakadzi Vakakurumbira MuTennis
- Serena Williams: Nemikombe 23 yeGrand Slam ye singles, Serena Williams inozivikanwa zvakanyanya semumwe wemutambi wemitambo mikuru munhoroondo, varume nevakadzi zvakaenzana. Maitiro ake ane simba, kushingirira kwake, uye kugona kwake kukunda nevamwe vakawanda zvaita kuti ave neruzivo rwakawanda.
- Martina Navratilova: Mukati me basa rake, Martina Navratilova akakunda mikombe 59 yeGrand Slam (singles, doubles, uye mixed doubles). Makwikwi ake naChris Evert muna 1970s nema1980s akave imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa munhoroondo yetennis.
Mhedziso: Ramangwana reTennis muNguva yeDhijitari
Sezvo nyika iri kubatana zvikuru kuburikidza netekinoroji, kutapurirwa uye mukurumbira we tennis kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Sezvavanhu vanogona “kutarisawo nhabvu pamhepo,” kuwanikwa kwekuona mitambo ye tennis kurarama kuri kuita kuti mutambo uwedzere kuve wevanhu vakawanda. Kubva pamavambo akadzikama kumatare kuFrance kusvika kumakwikwi epasi rose emazuva ano, tennis yakava imwe yemitambo inoremekedzwa zvikuru uye inotarisirwa pasi rose.
Kubudirira kwemapuratifomu epamhepo kwaita kuti vateveri vakwanise kutevera vatambi vavo, zvikwata, uye makwikwi munguva chaiyo, zvichiita kuti tennis irambe iri pamberi pezvose zvemitambo. Sezvo nyika zhinji dziri kuwanira mutambo uyu uye vatambi vatsva vachipinda, ramangwana re tennis rinopenya, richipa mikana yakawanda yekunakidzwa nevateveri venhasi nevedu vatisati taona.